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'The continued poverty of the majority of the planet's inhabitants
and excessive consumption by the minority are the two major causes
of environmental degradation The present course is unsustainable
and postponing action is no longer an option. Inspired political
leadership and intense cooperation across all regions and sectors
will be needed to put both existing and new policy instruments to
work. ' From the Synthesis Global Environment Outlook 2000
(GEO-2000) is a comprehensive and authoritative review and analysis
of environmental conditions around the world. It is the flagship
publication of the world's leading environmental organization, the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and is based on
information provided by more than 30 regional and international
collaborating centres. The book presents a region-by-region
analysis of the state of the world's environment, highlighting key
global concerns and making recommendations for policy action. The
regions covered include Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and
Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West
Asia and the Polar Areas. Chapter 1: Global Perspectives describes
the main drivers of environmental change, such as the economy,
population growth, political organization and regionalization, as
well as potential impacts of recent global developments including
the growth of the consumer culture, trade and international debt.
Chapter 2: The State of the Environment provides a global and
region-by-region overview of the environment at the end of the
second millennium. The chapter covers global issues such as ozone,
climate change, El Nifio and nitrogen loading, and universal issues
of land and food, forests, biodiversity, freshwater, marine and
coastal areas, atmosphere and urban areas. Chapter 3: Policy
Responses reviews the broad range of policy instruments and
responses being used to address environmental issues, including
multilateral environmental agreements, and analyses the
difficulties of compliance, implementation and assessment. Chapter
4: Future Perspectives looks at environmental issues that will
require priority attention in the 21st century and some alternative
policy options that could be used in the regions. Chapter 5:
Outlook and Recommendations makes recommendations for future action
based on the environmental legacy left by past and present policy
and management systems. GEO-2000 will be the benchmark reference
and guide to the state of the global environment. Written in clear,
non-technical language and supported throughout by informative
graphics and tables, it is essential reading for all those involved
in environmental policy making, implementation and assessment, and
for researchers and students of regional and global environmental
issues. Originally published in 1999
'The continued poverty of the majority of the planet's inhabitants
and excessive consumption by the minority are the two major causes
of environmental degradation The present course is unsustainable
and postponing action is no longer an option. Inspired political
leadership and intense cooperation across all regions and sectors
will be needed to put both existing and new policy instruments to
work. ' From the Synthesis Global Environment Outlook 2000
(GEO-2000) is a comprehensive and authoritative review and analysis
of environmental conditions around the world. It is the flagship
publication of the world's leading environmental organization, the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and is based on
information provided by more than 30 regional and international
collaborating centres. The book presents a region-by-region
analysis of the state of the world's environment, highlighting key
global concerns and making recommendations for policy action. The
regions covered include Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and
Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West
Asia and the Polar Areas. Chapter 1: Global Perspectives describes
the main drivers of environmental change, such as the economy,
population growth, political organization and regionalization, as
well as potential impacts of recent global developments including
the growth of the consumer culture, trade and international debt.
Chapter 2: The State of the Environment provides a global and
region-by-region overview of the environment at the end of the
second millennium. The chapter covers global issues such as ozone,
climate change, El Nifio and nitrogen loading, and universal issues
of land and food, forests, biodiversity, freshwater, marine and
coastal areas, atmosphere and urban areas. Chapter 3: Policy
Responses reviews the broad range of policy instruments and
responses being used to address environmental issues, including
multilateral environmental agreements, and analyses the
difficulties of compliance, implementation and assessment. Chapter
4: Future Perspectives looks at environmental issues that will
require priority attention in the 21st century and some alternative
policy options that could be used in the regions. Chapter 5:
Outlook and Recommendations makes recommendations for future action
based on the environmental legacy left by past and present policy
and management systems. GEO-2000 will be the benchmark reference
and guide to the state of the global environment. Written in clear,
non-technical language and supported throughout by informative
graphics and tables, it is essential reading for all those involved
in environmental policy making, implementation and assessment, and
for researchers and students of regional and global environmental
issues. Originally published in 1999
Economic production indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP)
and the Human Development Index (HDI) fail to reflect the state of
natural resources or ecological conditions and both focus
exclusively on the short term. The Inclusive Wealth Report 2014 is
the second book in an important biennial series that provides a new
framework for measuring the inclusive wealth of nations. It
provides an overview of how the capital asset components of
inclusive wealth evolved between 1990 and 2010, and analyses the
meaning of these trends for sustainability. While the asset base
studied is largely unchanged from the 2012 report, the country
sample has been expanded from 20 to 140 nations and the focus has
shifted from natural to human capital. This report offers a wealth
of information for researchers and policy-makers, identifying key
gaps in data and knowledge, and suggesting specific needs for
future research.
This is the official report of the United Nations Environment
Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme submitted to
the General Assembly on its third session in Nairobi (4-6 December
2017).
This publication provides a timely synthesis of the importance of
mangroves to people. It highlights that in spite of the mounting
evidence in support of the multitude of benefits derived from
mangroves, they remain one of the most threatened ecosystems on the
planet, being lost at a rate greater than coral reefs and tropical
rain forests. This has potentially devastating effects to mangrove
biodiversity and in turn, the food security, protection and
livelihoods of some of the most marginalized coastal communities in
developing countries, where more than 90 percent of the world's
mangroves are found.
With governments responsible for significant portions of national
spending, the promise of including sustainability considerations
into that spending can enable policy makers to lead by example with
sustainable public procurement (SPP). The report examines the state
of sustainable public procurement policies and practices being
undertaken by national governments worldwide in the last five
years. The research included a comprehensive literature and desktop
review, 19 interviews, six country case studies and a survey of 273
SPP experts worldwide. The objective was to create a baseline
analysis that examines the evolving field of SPP and the drivers,
barriers, needs and opportunities in SPP.
Official Records of the Financial Report and Audited Financial
Statements for the year Ended 31 December 2014 and Report of the
Board of Auditors: Fund of the United Nations Environment
Programme.
Official Records of the Financial Report and Audited Financial
Statements for the year Ended 31 December 2014 and Report of the
Board of Auditors: Fund of the United Nations Environment
Programme.
Official records of the UNEP Report of the Governing Council.
Mucho mas que un libro de mapas, America Latina y el Caribe, Atlas
de un ambiente en transformacion supone el primer esfuerzo regional
de analisis de los cambios que esta experimentando el medio
ambiente de la region, combinando precisas y espectaculares
imagenes satelitales con el analisis a partir de datos rigurosos.
El Atlas constituye una herramienta imprescindible para reflexionar
sobre las acciones futuras y las politicas publicas necesarias para
hacer realidad un desarrollo mas sostenible para la region. Las
imagenes recopiladas permiten observar la riqueza y diversidad de
ambientes, ecosistemas, especies y paisajes de la region. Pero
tambien muestran como esta riqueza natural se encuentra actualmente
muy presionada por las pautas de los modelos de desarrollo
economicos predominantes que aunque han generado crecimiento
economico, han producido cambios sociales y ambientales
importantes. Este atlas muestra los cambios ambientales a partir de
imagenes adquiridas de la teledeteccion por satelites diferen.
This volume studies the risk to the environment and human health
posed by nitroPAHS. Data on the in vivo genotoxicity of nitroPAHs
are available for 15 nitroPAHs. All nitroPAHs that gave positive
results in vivo were also positive in vitro. Four nitroPAHs that
were positive in in vitro genotoxicity tests revealed inconsistent
or inconclusive genotoxicity (2-nitronaphthalene,
5-nitroacenaphthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) or negative
genotoxicity (2,7-dinitrofluorene; limited validity) results in
vivo. There are no reports on the effects of individual nitroPAHs
on humans. As would be expected, since nitroPAHs occur in complex
mixtures in the atmosphere and exhaust, the exact contribution of
nitroPAHs to the adverse health consequences of exposure to
polluted atmospheres and to exhaust cannot be elucidated.
This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment
posed by exposure to three flame retardants:
tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(1
3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and tris(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate (TCEP). In view of their many similarities, TCPP and
TDCPP are covered together. Data on all three flame retardants are
extremely limited and largely confined to studies of environmental
levels and adverse effects detected in experimental animals and in
vitro test systems. The monograph on TCPP and TDCPP describes
manufacturing processes and summarizes current uses. The vast
majority of TCPP is used in rigid polyurethane foams, with main
applications in insulation for buildings and in refrigerator
casings. TDCPP is likewise added as a flame retardant to
polyurethane foam and has some additional applications as a flame
retardant for non-woven fabrics. For both chemicals, studies show
that residues are found infrequently and at low concentrations in
food items. For TCPP, traces have been detected in industrial and
domestic effluents but not in surface water or drinking water.
Traces of TDCPP have been detected in sewage effluent, river water,
seawater, drinking water, and water sediment and in fish. In view
of the low volatility of both chemicals, the report concludes that
human exposure from these sources will be very low and will not
present an acute health hazard for the general population.
Likewise, no adverse effects on the environment are anticipated
from the use of either of these flame retardants.Experimental
studies of TCPP in laboratory animals demonstrate low to moderate
toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Tests indicate
that the chemical is neither a skin nor an eye irritant. No studies
were available to evaluate reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity,
or carcinogenic potential. In vitro and in vivo mutagenicity
studies produced negative results.Toxicity studies of TDCPP show
low to moderate acute toxicity by the oral route and low acute
toxicity by the dermal route. The report found no evidence of
teratogenicity or mutagenicity. A single carcinogenicity study
found an increased occurrence of several tumors at all exposure
levels tested in both male and female rats. In the absence of data
on the mechanisms of carcinogenic action, the relevance of these
findings to humans could not be assessed. The limited studies of
occupationally exposed workers were judged inadequate for
evaluation.The second monograph evaluates TCEP, a flame retardant
with declining uses in the production of liquid polyester resins
and in textile back-coating formulations. Traces have been detected
in river water, seawater, drinking water, sediment, fish and
shellfish, and a few food items. Experimental studies show low to
moderate acute oral toxicity. In repeat dose experiments, TCEP
caused adverse effects on the brain, liver and kidneys. The report
concludes that TCEP is not an irritant to the eye or skin and is
not teratogenic, although some adverse effects on the fertility of
male rats and mice have been demonstrated. Data indicating low
environmental exposures support the conclusion that TCEP poses a
very low risk of adverse health effects for the general population.
Use of TCEP is not expected to cause any adverse effects on the
environment.
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Endrin (Paperback)
United Nations Environment Programme
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R1,252
Discovery Miles 12 520
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Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by
endrin, an organochlo-rine insecticide used since the 1950s to
protect cotton, rice, sugar cane, maize, and other crops against a
wide range of agricultural pests. Because of its high toxicity and
persistence in the environment, endrin has been banned in many
countries and severely restricted in others. Ingestion of
contaminated food is the most important route of human exposure.
The sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6) Assessment for the
Pan-European Region paints a comprehensive picture of the
environmental factors contributing to human health and well-being
at the regional level.
The purpose of this guidance manual is to show how the value of
ecosystem services can be estimated and incorporated into decision
making. Specifically, it is designed to help a broad audience of
conservation managers, government officials, private sector
managers, NGOs, and statisticians to understand the available
information on the values of ecosystem services and how this
information can be transferred to inform the decisions that they
make. It explains why you would undertake a study, who should be
involved, how to implement the study and how to use the results.
The development of this guidance manual was funded by the United
Nations Environment Programme.
This is the official report of the United Nations Environment
Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme submitted to
the General Assembly on its fourth session in Nairobi (11-15 March
2019).
Europe's Environment - the seventh pan-European environmental
assessment, is the latest in the series of regional assessments
conducted since 1995. The environmental assessments of the
pan-European region provide up-to-date and policy-relevant
information on the interactions between the environment and
society. The assessments have been a consistent feature of the
Environment for Europe process from 1995 to 2022. At its
twenty-fifth session (Geneva, 13-15 November 2019), the UNECE
Committee on Environmental Policy selected a limited
indicator-based and thematic assessment from among the options for
the seventh pan-European environmental assessment. The main
objective of the seventh assessment is to provide decision-makers
with adequate information to take informed policy decisions at the
Ninth Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference (Nicosia, 5-7
October 2022), both on broader environmental issues and trends and
on the two conference themes on (a) 'Greening the economy in the
pan-European region: working towards sustainable infrastructure'
and (b) 'Applying principles of circular economy to sustainable
tourism'. The seventh edition of the pan-European environmental
assessment provides an overview of the current state and trends of
the environment in Europe and Central Asia based on selected
indicators, and of the challenges that are faced. It also provides
policy recommendations to UNECE member States. Its release gives an
opportunity for tracking progress achieved in meeting global and
regional policy goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals
and targets, and offers information to enable a societal transition
towards more sustainable and circular economies in the face of an
alarming planetary change
The annual discharge of plastic into the ocean is estimated to be
11 million tonnes. Globally, national plastics policies are rare
and tend to focus on banning or taxing individual plastic items
rather than focusing on systemic change of the plastics economy.
Indeed, the current policy mix will not deliver the changes needed
to reduce additional marine plastic litter to zero. However, marine
plastic litter entering the ocean can be reduced exponentially
compared to "business as usual" using known technology and
approaches. This publication qualitatively considers possible
policy options to ensure that by 2050 the net volume of plastic
entering the ocean is zero, in line with the Osaka Blue Ocean
Vision. It shows the marine plastic litter trends relevant to 2050,
summarizes the current plastic policy landscape and explores
upstream and downstream interventions, concluding with a set of
policy messages to deliver on the Vision and implement the systemic
changes needed to improve the plastic economy
The indicators used in the past to measure human societies' success
have proven to be insufficient. Economic production indicators such
as gross domestic product (GDP) and the Human Development Index
(HDI) fail to reflect the state of natural resources or ecological
conditions and both focus exclusively on the short term, without
indicating whether national policies are sustainable over longer
periods of time. The Inclusive Wealth Report 2012 presents an index
that measures the wealth of nations by carrying out a comprehensive
analysis of a country's capital assets, including manufactured,
human and natural capital, and its corresponding values: the
Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI). Results show changes in inclusive
wealth from 1990 to 2008 and feature a long-term comparison to GDP
for an initial group of 20 countries. This report provides
policy-makers and planning authorities with a tool to assess the
state of a country's productive base and its development over time.
The Global Gender and Environment Outlook (GGEO): The Critical
Issues provides an overview of critical evaluations and analyses of
the interlinkages between gender and the environment, and their
importance for gender-sensitive policymaking and actions. The GGEO
was first proposed by the Network of Women Ministers and Leaders
for the Environment (NWMLE) to UNEP at the United Nations
Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The 2014 United
Nations Environment Assembly subsequently welcomed the development
of the GGEO, and the use of social science information and gender
relevant indicators to examine the links between gender and the
environment. The report describes policy options and concrete
opportunities to contribute to the future we want - a future of
justice and equality that leaves no one behind. It reflects and
builds on the ground-breaking work of hundreds of scientists,
policy experts, gender advocates and members of community groups.
And it examines a wide range of topics, including food production,
water and sanitation, energy, sustainable consumption and
production, fisheries and fishing communities, and forests and
those who depend on them for their livelihoods.
The Global Gender and Environment Outlook (GGEO) provides an
overview of critical evaluations and analyses of the interlinkages
between gender and the environment, and their importance for
gender-sensitive policymaking and actions. The GGEO was first
proposed by the Network of Women Ministers and Leaders for the
Environment (NWMLE) to UNEP at the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The 2014 United Nations
Environment Assembly subsequently welcomed the development of the
GGEO, and the use of social science information and gender relevant
indicators to examine the links between gender and the environment.
The report describes policy options and concrete opportunities to
contribute to the future we want - a future of justice and equality
that leaves no one behind. It reflects and builds on the
ground-breaking work of hundreds of scientists, policy experts,
gender advocates and members of community groups. And it examines a
wide range of topics, including food production, water and
sanitation, energy, sustainable consumption and production,
fisheries and fishing communities, and forests and those who depend
on them for their livelihoods
The sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6) Regional Assessment
for Asia and the Pacific paints a comprehensive picture of the
environmental factors contributing to human health and well-being
at the regional level. Backed by a large body of recent, credible
scientific evidence, regional-wide consultations and a robust
intergovernmental process, the assessment demonstrates economic
growth and improved access to basic services in the region.
This guide collects and summarizes good practices on the successful
mediation of resource conflicts. It draws on the field experiences
of mediators and mediation experts, specifically those with natural
resource expertise. It also features lessons learned from UNEP's
work on environmental diplomacy in different conflict-affected
countries, with a particular focus on how to use impartial
technical knowledge to equalize stakeholder information in a
mediation process.
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